Swami Vivekananda (1863-1902)
Narendranath Datta was born on July 12, 1863 in Calcutta, India. His father was
Vishwanath Datta, who was an attorney in the Calcutta High Court, while his mother
Bhuwaneshwari Devi, was an intelligent and pious woman. His biographers tend to portray him
in superlatives; according to these accounts, his early education began from home and had him
learning Bengali, English and Sanskrit before he joined the Metropolitan Institution at the age of
7 (Arora 2). There he began to develop into a genius while still finding time to pursue other
hobbies such as rowing, swimming and classical Indian music (Sil 29). As he grew so did his
exceptional thirst for knowledge and it propelled him to the post-secondary institutions of
Presidency College and the General Assembly’s Institution, where he originally had his sights set
on becoming a barrister (Gokhale 36). But in 1881 Naren’s life would change forever as he
joined the Brahmo Samaj Society and met Sri Ramakrishna Paramahamsa.
The Brahmo Samaj was a movement of universalism that supported the religion of
humanity and attempted to synthesize ideas from the East and West. It also protested against
aspects within Hinduism, such as the caste system, polytheism and idol worship (Arora 4). Once
a part of this group Naren met Ramakrishna for the first time where they began a close
relationship. Naren became Ramakrishna’s favourite disciple which drew him into a world of
religion as opposed to a world of law. This movement into religious thought had Naren by
Ramakrishna’s side until his death in 1886, where he then took it upon himself to act in the name
of the late Ramakrishna and spread his philosophies to a wider audience (Schneiderman 64).
This was a challenging task considering just two years prior Naren’s father died suddenly of
heart disease and left the family in extreme debt (Arora 6). But Naren progressed.
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